ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common condition, and the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ) is used for its assessment. OBJECTIVES: To translate, assess the cut-off point for diagnosis, and explore psychometric properties of the MBQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study including 200 women (100 with and 100 without AUB) at a tertiary referral center. METHODS: MBQ translation involved a pilot-testing phase, instrument adjustment, data collection, and back-translation. Cut-off point was obtained using receiver operating curve analysis. Menstrual patterns, impact on quality of life due to AUB, internal consistency, test-retest, responsiveness, and discriminant validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and World Health Organization Quality of Life – abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied. RESULTS: Women with AUB were older, had higher body mass indices, and had a worse quality of life during menstruation. Regarding the MBQ's psychometric variables, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was > 0.70 in all analyses, high intraclass correlation coefficient was found in both groups; no ceiling and floor effects were observed, and construct validity was demonstrated (correlation between MBQ score, PBAC score, and clinical menstrual cycle data). No difference between MBQ and PBAC scores were perceived after the test-retest. Significant differences were found between MBQ and PBAC scores before and after treatment. An MBQ score ≥ 24 was associated with a high probability of AUB; accuracy of 98%. CONCLUSION: The MBQ is a reliable questionnaire for Brazilian women. The cut-off ≥ 24 shows high accuracy to discriminate AUB.

Resumen La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es de alta prevalencia en América Latina y en todo el mundo. Se estima que entre 10 y 20% de la población adulta es portadora de ERC y su prevalencia va en aumento. La ERC progresa en forma silenciosa. Su diagnóstico temprano y oportuno permite iniciar un tratamiento efectivo, en la mayoría de los casos, para detener la enfermedad. Desde hace mucho tiempo, el análisis de la creatininemia es la principal prueba utilizada para valorar la función renal, pero su confiabilidad es limitada. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones de las GUIAS KDOQI del año 2002 la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) obtenida a través de fórmulas, se estableció como una de las herramientas principales para detectar la enfermedad renal de manera precoz, ya que alerta de forma precisa al médico y al equipo de salud sobre el nivel de función renal del paciente. La detección de una TFGe disminuida (menor de 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) es clínicamente relevante, ya que permite establecer el diagnóstico de enfermedad renal en adultos. En el año 2022, en una encuesta realizada por SLANH y COLABIOCLI dirigida a los laboratorios de análisis clínicos de América Latina (n: 237), el 49% de los mismos no informaban la TFGe rutinariamente. En base a esta realidad SLANH y COLABIOCLI elaboraron estas recomendaciones de consenso en referencia al uso de la TFGe.

Resumo A doença renal crônica (DRC) é altamente prevalente na América Latina e em todo o mundo. Estima-se que entre 10 e 20% da população adulta seja portadora de DRC e sua prevalência esteja aumentando. A DRC progride silenciosamente. Seu diagnóstico precoce e oportuno permite iniciar um tratamento eficaz, na maioria dos casos, para estancar a doença. Faz muito tempo, a análise da creatinina tem sido o principal teste usado para avaliar a função renal mas sua confiabilidade é limitada. De acordo com as recomendações dos GUIAS KDOQI do ano de 2002, a estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular (eGFR), obtida por meio de fórmulas, consolidou-se como uma das principais ferramentas para a detecção precoce da doença renal, visto que alerta com precisão ao médico e ao equipe de saúde sobre o nível de função renal do paciente. A detecção de uma eGFR diminuída (inferior a 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) é clinicamente relevante, pois permite estabelecer o diagnóstico de doença renal em adultos. No ano de 2022, em pesquisa realizada pela SLANH e COLABIOCLI dirigida a laboratórios de análises clínicas da América Latina (n: 237), 49% deles não relataram rotineiramente eGFR. Com base nessa realidade, SLANH e COLABIOCLI prepararam essas recomendações de consenso sobre o uso de eGFR.

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence worldwide and in Latin America (10 to 20% of the adult population) and is increasing. CKD progresses silently. Opportune diagnosis and treatment are effective in most cases to improve outcomes. Serum creatinine was the main test to assess kidney function, but its reliability is limited. Through the KDOQI Guidelines 2002, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) obtained from equations was established as one of the main tools for the early detection of kidney disease in clinical practice. The detection of a decreased eGFR (less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) is clinically relevant. This cut-off level establishes the diagnosis of kidney disease in adults. In 2022 SLANH and COLABIOCLI conducted a survey among the clinical laboratories from Latin America. The survey included 237 laboratories, 49% of which did not routinely report the eGFR. Based on this situation, SLANH and COLABIOCLI have elaborated the following consensus recommendations regarding the use of eGFR.

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with systemic inflammation and comorbidities. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndrome. Characterizing the intestinal microbiome of patients with psoriasis may be relevant for the understanding of its clinical course and comorbidity prevention. Objective To characterize the intestinal microbiome of men with psoriasis compared to omnivore and vegetarian controls (without psoriasis). Method Cross-sectional study of 42 adult males: 21 omnivores with psoriasis; and controls: 14 omnivores and 7 vegetarian individuals. The characterization of the intestinal microbiome was performed by metagenomic analysis. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Results The groups differed from each other regarding nutritional aspects and microbiome; individuals with psoriasis had a higher consumption of protein and lower consumption of fibers. Levels of LPB, CRP, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were higher in the group with psoriasis than in the vegetarian group (p < 0.05). The genera Prevotella, Mogibacterium, Dorea, Bifidobacterium and Coprococcus, differed in the group with psoriasis compared to vegetarians; the genera Mogibacterium, Collinsella and Desulfovibrio differed from omnivores. A microbiome pattern linked to psoriasis (plsPSO) was identified, which was associated with higher LPB levels (rho = 0.39; p = 0.02), and lower dietary fiber intake (rho = −0.71; p < 0.01). Study limitations Only adult men were evaluated. Conclusion A difference was identified in the intestinal microbiome of adult men with psoriasis when compared to healthy omnivores and vegetarian controls. The identified microbiome pattern was correlated with dietary fiber intake and serum levels of LPB.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivo: La elevada prevalencia de mareo e inestabilidad en los ancianos, su complejo diagnóstico e importantes consecuencias (caídas y lesiones derivadas) constituyen un grave problema sanitario. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal determinar si existe relación entre dichos síntomas y la presencia de enfermedad de pequeño vaso. Secundariamente intentaremos describir las causas más frecuentes de mareo e inestabilidad en los pacientes ancianos. Método: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal con 214 pacientes mayores de 70 años remitidos por vértigo, mareo o inestabilidad. Se valoran los diagnósticos más frecuentes y se comparan tres grupos: 1) Patología vestibular periférica, 2) mareo o inestabilidad de causa desconocida y 3) grupo de control. Para ello se utiliza la escala de Fazekas que determina la magnitud de las lesiones de sustancia blanca por imágenes de resonancia magnética. Resultados: El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno fue el diagnóstico más frecuente (17,3%), seguido de la enfermedad de Ménière (15%). Un 20% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como origen desconocido o multifactorial. La enfermedad de pequeño vaso se encontró con mayor frecuencia en el grupo con mareo de causas desconocidas (p=0,034). Conclusiones: se reafirma la asociación entre las lesiones de sustancia blanca, sugerentes de enfermedad de pequeño vaso, y la mayor aparición de mareo e inestabilidad en los ancianos; siendo la prevalencia de la enfermedad mucho menor en el grupo de control que en aquellos con mareo de causa desconocida. Asimismo, se determina que el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno es el diagnóstico más frecuente de mareo e inestabilidad en el anciano.

SUMMARY: Introduction and objective: The high prevalence of dizziness and instability in the elderly, its heterogeneous etiology, and its important consequences (falls and their subsequent lesions) imply a serious sanitary problem. The objective of the following study is to determine if there is any relation between those symptoms and the presence of small vessel disease. Second, we will try to describe the most frequent causes of dizziness and instability in the elderly. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 214 patients over 70 years of age who had been referred for the assessment of vertigo, dizziness or instability. The most frequent diagnoses were evaluated, and three groups were compared: 1) peripheral vestibular disorders, 2) dizziness or instability of unknown etiology and 3) control group. To this end we used Fazekas scale, which determines the magnitude of white matter lesions using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was the most frequent diagnosis (17,3%), followed by Ménière´s disease (15%). 20% of patients were classified like unknown or multifactorial etiology. Small vessel disease was more frequently found in the group with dizziness of unknown etiology (p=0,034). Conclusions: In the study we confirm the association between white matter lesions, suggestive of small vessel disease, and the more frequent appearance of dizziness and instability in the elderly, since the prevalence of the disease is significantly lower in the control group than in those with dizziness of unknown etiology. Futermore, we conclude that the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most frequent diagnosis of dizziness and instability in the elderly, ahead of Ménière's disease.

RESUMO. O tratamento antirretroviral tem aumentado significativamente a sobrevida de pacientes contaminados pelo HIV-1. Entretanto, com o aumento da sobrevida, observam-se frequentemente alterações cognitivas associadas ao HIV nessa população. As manifestações clínicas das alterações do HIV podem variar em decorrência de diversos aspectos, entre eles a via de transmissão do vírus. Diversos estudos têm apontado alterações neurológicas prematuras em pacientes contaminados por via vertical, enquanto a manifestação de danos cognitivos em adultos pode levar um tempo maior. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência das alterações cognitivas em pacientes com HIV via transmissão vertical após a era da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa e o desempenho cognitivo desses pacientes comparado ao de um grupo de pacientes contaminados por via sexual. Métodos: Foram avaliados 48 pacientes, sendo 25 com transmissão vertical e 23 com transmissão sexual no período entre maio de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015, no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas. Foram aplicados testes neuropsicológicos para avaliar o desempenho cognitivo, escalas para avaliar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a frequência de comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes contaminados via transmissão vertical foi maior do que naqueles contaminados via transmissão sexual. Conclusões: Essas descobertas sugerem que os efeitos deletérios do vírus HIV na formação do sistema nervoso central repercutem de forma mais acentuada do que em pacientes que o adquiriram após a vida adulta.

ABSTRACT. Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route. Several studies have pointed out premature neurological changes in vertically infected patients, while the manifestation of cognitive damage in adults may take a longer time. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of cognitive changes in patients with HIV via vertical transmission after the highly active antiretroviral therapy and the cognitive performance of these patients compared to a group of sexually infected patients. Methods: A total of 48 patients were evaluated, 25 with vertical transmission and 23 with sexual transmission, between May 2013 and February 2015 at the Institute of infectology Emilio Ribas. Neuropsychological tests were applied to assess cognitive performance, scales to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The results demonstrate that the frequency of cognitive impairment in vertically transmitted patients was higher than in sexually transmitted patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the deleterious effects of the HIV virus on the development of the central nervous system reverberate more strongly than in patients who acquire it after adulthood.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxytocin is the most widely used drug in obstetrics and, among other effects, is antidiuretic. High doses of it added to the volume overload typical of pregnancy and to the fluid therapy administered during labor, can trigger heart failure by several mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To document a case of heart failure in the puerperium and review its etiology, clinical, diagnosis, treatment and differential diagnosis and to alert to risk factors centered on the indication of oxytocin and the administration of intrapartum serum. CLINICAL CASE: Patient on the third day of puerperium who was readmitted for heart failure secondary to several mechanisms: Water overload during labor induction, pericardial effusion and high doses of oxytocin. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to pay attention to fluid infusion during labor induction because the combination of an antidiuretic drug, such as oxytocin, and a high serum therapy load causes a water overload that can trigger cardiac complications.

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: La oxitocina es el fármaco más indicado en los procedimientos obstétricos y, entre otros efectos, es antidiurética. Las dosis elevadas añadidas a la sobrecarga de volumen, propia del embarazo, y el tratamiento con suero administrado durante el trabajo de parto, pueden desencadenar una insuficiencia cardiaca por distintos mecanismos. OBJETIVO: Documentar un caso de insuficiencia cardiaca en el puerperio y revisar su etiología, clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y diagnóstico diferencial y alertar de los factores de riesgo centrados en la indicación de oxitocina y la administración de suero intraparto. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente en el tercer día de puerperio que reingresó por insuficiencia cardiaca secundaria a varios mecanismos: sobrecarga hídrica durante la inducción del parto, derrame pericárdico y dosis altas de oxitocina. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario prestar atención a la infusión de líquidos durante la inducción del parto porque la unión de un fármaco antidiurético, como la oxitocina, y elevada carga de suero provoca una sobrecarga hídrica que puede desencadenar complicaciones cardiacas.

Resumen: El presente trabajo explora las condiciones que permitieron la creación de la Universidad de Aysén (UAY), un hito histórico que puso término a casi setenta años de inactividad estatal en la creación de nuevas universidades públicas. El artículo analiza un aspecto crítico, como es la escasa vinculación con el medio que muestran las universidades regionales en Chile. A través de la aplicación y análisis de veinticuatro entrevistas a diversos actores relevantes, se constata la emergencia de nuevas fuentes de legitimidad con potencialidades contrahegemónicas. En concreto, estas fuentes se presentan como una alternativa teórica y crítica a los axiomas y principios neoliberales que dan forma al sistema de educación terciaria en Chile. Del mismo modo, actúan de manera opuesta a los procesos de homogenización Estatal-nacionales que dicho sistema promueve.

Abstract: The article analyzes the conditions that allowed the creation of the University of Aysén (UAY), a historic milestone as it ended almost seventy years of state inactivity in the creation of new public universities. The article analyzes a critically dimension, such as the scarce link with the environment shown by regional universities in Chile. Through the application and analysis of twenty-four interviews with various incumbent actors, the emergence of new sources of legitimacy with counter-hegemonic potential is confirmed. Specifically, these sources are presented as a theoretical and critical alternative to the neoliberal axioms and principles that shape the tertiary education system in Chile. In the same way, they act in opposition to the processes of State-national homogenization that this system promotes.

Abstract: Identity is built during childhood through the interaction of subjects with their environment and circumstances, and is subsequently modified during their lifetime depending on their different individual experiences, the interpersonal relationships they establish, and the predominant cultural discourse. Historically, we can define the binary concept of “gender”, male/female, as a fundamental factor of identity building that assigns very different social roles to different individuals depending on them being categorized as male or female. To women, maternity implies the birth of a new identity, which is traditionally linked to fairly strong pre-established cultural narratives about what a “good mother” is. This is, in turn, related to the traditional patterns of socialisation, which may spark a conflict against other cultural discourses centred around personal fulfilment. The difficulties that arise when trying to accommodate their self-decisions to the “good mother” narrative may generate anxiety symptoms, a sense of helplessness, and frustration among women. This struggle has propitiated and encouraged an important social debate with very opposing views about child rearing, nurturing, and care. In this revision paper, we propose a guide for exploration and management based on narrative therapy to help women we assist in our medical practice to question the social discourses that generate such emotional uneasiness and to validate their own decisions regarding the different approaches to child-bearing and rearing.

Resumen: La identidad se construye en la infancia mediante la interacción entre el sujeto y el ambiente, y se va transformando a lo largo de la vida en función de las experiencias del individuo, las relaciones interpersonales y los discursos culturales predominantes. Históricamente, un constructo de repercusión fundamental en la generación de la identidad ha sido el concepto binario de género masculino/femenino, que suponía la asignación de roles sociales diferenciados a hombres y mujeres. En la mujer, la maternidad implica el nacimiento de una nueva identidad a menudo ligada a narrativas rígidas respecto a la “buena madre,” heredadas de los modelos de socialización tradicionales y patriarcales, que entran en conflicto con otros discursos de realización personal. Las dificultades para adecuar las propias decisiones a la narrativa de la “buena madre” generan síntomas de ansiedad, impotencia y frustración en las mujeres, y han propiciado un importante debate social con opiniones encontradas respecto a los modelos de crianza y cuidados de los hijos. En esta revisión, se propone una guía de exploración y abordaje terapéutico narrativo para ayudar a las mujeres que atendemos en la consulta a cuestionar los discursos sociales que les provocan malestar emocional y validar su toma de decisiones respecto a las distintas formas de crianza y maternidad.

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with systemic repercussions and an association with comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Psoriasis patients have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to the general population. Diet is a relevant environmental factor, since malnutrition, inadequate body weight, and metabolic diseases, in addition to the direct health risk, impair the treatment of psoriasis. Objectives To evaluate food intake patterns, anthropometric, and metabolic syndrome-related aspects in psoriasis patients. Methods Cross-sectional study through anthropometric assessment and food frequency questionnaire. Food frequency questionnaire items were evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and identified dietary patterns were analyzed by multivariate methods. Results This study evaluated 94 patients, 57% female, with a mean age of 54.9 years; the prevalence of obesity was 48% and of metabolic syndrome, 50%. Factor analysis of the food frequency questionnaire identified two dietary patterns: Pattern 1 - predominance of processed foods; Pattern 2 - predominance of fresh foods. Multivariate analysis revealed that Patterns 1 and 2 showed inverse behaviors, and greater adherence to Pattern 2 was associated with females, eutrophic individuals, absence of lipid and blood pressure alterations, and lower waist-to-hip ratio and skin disease activity. Study limitations Monocentric study conducted at a public institution, dependent on dietary memory. Conclusion Two dietary patterns were identified in a Brazilian sample of psoriasis patients. The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome were greater than in the adult Brazilian population. The fresh diet was associated with lower indicators of metabolic syndrome in this sample.

RESUMO Introdução: A hepatite C pode ser definida como uma doença infecciosa, que se desenvolve por uma atividade inflamatória, que pode gerar um comprometimento no Sistema Nervoso Central, podendo ocasionar prejuízos cognitivos e sintomas de depressão. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o desempenho cognitivo de pacientes com hepatite C crônica antes e após o tratamento com simeprevir, sofosbuvir e daclatasvir. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo em três etapas: antes, logo após o tratamento e seis meses depois. Foram avaliados 58 pacientes em acompanhamento clínico no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Lawton, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e uma bateria de testes neuropsicológicos que avaliaram: função intelectual, memória, atenção, função executiva e velocidade motora e de processamento). Para análise estatística, foram utilizadas as análises descritas (média, frequência e desvio padrão), qui-quadrado e ANOVA. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (n=30, 51,7%), com média de 58,23±8,79 anos, escolaridade média de 9,75±4,43 anos. Comparando os resultados das avaliações neuropsicológicas (antes, logo após a finalização dos medicamentos e seis meses), observou-se melhora significativa em relação à aquisição de novos conhecimentos (p=0,03), memória visual tardia (p=0,01) e tendência em relação a atenção alternada (p=0,07). Conclusão: O tratamento do vírus da hepatite C melhorou o desempenho cognitivo, principalmente em relação à memória.

ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis C can be defined as an infectious disease that develops an inflammatory activity, which may cause an impairment in the central nervous system, may cause cognitive impairments and symptoms of depression. Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the cognitive performance of patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after treatment with simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in three stages: before, right after treatment, and six months after. Fifty-eight patients under clinical follow-up were evaluated at the Emílio Ribas Infectology Institute, in São Paulo, Brazil. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, Lawton’s Scale, Beck’s Depression Inventory, and a battery of neuropsychological tests that evaluated: intellectual function, memory, attention, executive function, and motor and processing speed). For statistical analysis, the analyses described (mean, frequency, and standard deviation), chi-square, and ANOVA were used. Results: Most of the participants were male (n=30, 51.7%), with a mean of 58.23±8.79 years, mean schooling of 9.75±4.43 years. Comparing the results of neuropsychological evaluations (before, just after completion of drugs, and six months), a significant improvement was observed in relation to the acquisition of new knowledge (p=0.03), late visual memory (p=0.01), and tendency towards alternate attention (p=0.07). Conclusion: The treatment of the hepatitis C virus improved cognitive performance, especially in relation to memory.

ABSTRACT Objective: to establish a working system for the detection and codification of musculoskeletal injuries that affect Data Display Screen users. Material and Methods: during the year 2017, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 427 Data Display Screen workers. The Data Display Screen protocol of the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare was used, transferring the obtained data to the statistical program SPSS for processing through a Chi-squared. Results: statistically significant relationship among musculoskeletal injuries and four variables: 1) Hours per day with exposure to Data Display Screen. 2) Manual laterality. 3) Age. 4) Training in Occupational Risk Prevention. Conclusions: through the systematization and study of a series of variables, we can improve the orientation of healthy habits (fundamentally postural) of workers.

RESUMEN Objetivo principal: establecer un sistema de trabajo para la detección y codificación de lesiones músculo-esqueléticas que afectan a trabajadores usuarios de PVD. Material y Métodos: durante el año 2017 se realizó un estudio observacional transversal sobre 427 usuarios de PVD. Se utilizó principalmente el protocolo de PVD del Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, trasladando los datos obtenidos al programa estadístico SPSS para su procesamiento y estudio a través de una Chi cuadrado. Resultados: existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre lesiones osteomusculares y cuatro variables: 1) Horas de exposición diaria a PVD. 2) Lateralidad manual. 3) Edad. 4) Formación en Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. Conclusiones: mediante la sistematización y estudio de una serie de variables, podemos mejorar la orientación de los hábitos saludables (fundamentalmente posturales) de los trabajadores.

Abstract BACKGROUND: An adnexal mass can be found in women at any age, and be both benign and malignant. The management varies according to the type of mass, therefore it is important to make a correct differential diagnosis, moreover in young women in which radical surgeries will have a great impact on future fertility. CLINICAL CASE: We report a case of a 19-year-old woman who consulted for abdominal pain. In ultrasound, the presence of a large, heterogeneous hypogastric abdominal mass appears to depend on the ovary. The study was completed by performing a CT scan that confirmed the presence of a mass of 14 cm, with suspicious signs of malignancy. Tumor markers were requested, highlighting the elevation of AFP. With these findings, an exploratory laparotomy was performed with an intraoperative biopsy that reported a germ cell tumor or Yolk Sac tumor. A conservative surgery was performed given the age of the patient and prior to initiating chemotherapy treatment, oocyte cryopreservation was carried out as a fertility preservation technique. Currently the patient follows serial controls and is free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Finding an adnexal mass in a teenager, requires a thorough study to reach a correct diagnosis, sometimes these masses are malignant and require surgical approach. It is important to perform conservative surgery whenever possible and offer the possibility of preserving fertility.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Las masas anexiales pueden encontrarse en mujeres de cualquier edad y ser benignas o malignas. El tratamiento varía según el tipo de masa, por lo que es importante establecer el diagnóstico diferencial correcto, sobre todo en mujeres jóvenes en quienes las cirugías radicales tendrán importante repercusión en la fertilidad futura. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 19 años, que consultó por dolor abdominal. En la ecografía se apreció una masa abdominal voluminosa en el hipogastrio, heterogénea, al parecer dependiente del ovario. La TAC confirmó una masa de 14 cm, con signos sospechosos de malignidad; los marcadores tumorales reportaron elevación de AFP. La laparotomía exploradora, con biopsia intraoperatoria, informó un tumor de células germinales. Se decidió la cirugía conservadora, en virtud de la edad de la paciente. Antes de iniciar la quimioterapia se llevó a cabo la criopreservación de ovocitos, como técnica de preservación de la fertilidad. En la actualidad, la paciente permanece en controles seriados y libre de enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: El hallazgo de una masa anexial en una adolescente requiere un estudio exhaustivo para establecer el diagnóstico correcto; en ocasiones, estas masas son malignas y requieren acceso quirúrgico. Es importante que la cirugía sea conservadora para ofrecer la posibilidad de preservar la fertilidad.

Resumo Várias técnicas foram propostas para regeneração óssea vertical, e muitas delas usam enxertos ósseos e alogênicos ósseos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os aloenxertos ósseos congelados desmineralizados (DFDBA), os aloenxertos congelados frescos (FF) com os enxertos ósseos autógenos para encontrar diferenças entre o volume, a histologia da formação óssea e a dinâmica do crescimento ósseo vertical. Um modelo ósseo de regeneração tecidual vertical foi realizado em calvarias de coelho sob anestesia geral. Quatro cilindros ocos de titânio puro foram parafusados nas calvarias de osso cortical externo em oito coelhos. Cada um dos cilindros foi preenchido aleatoriamente com uma intervenção: DFDBA, FF, osso autógeno ou com coágulo sanguíneo (BC) como controle. Os enxertos alogênicos foram obtidos a partir de um nono animal seguindo protocolos internacionais padronizados para a coleta, processamento e criopreservação de aloenxertos. O enxerto autógeno foi obtido da raspagem do fêmur do hospedeiro antes de adaptar os cilindros ocos. Os animais foram eutanasiados após 13 semanas. O volume vertical foi calculado após a medição, por meio de sonda milimetrada, do novo tecido formado dentro dos cilindros e após a remoção dos cilindros de titânio. Histomorfometria e coloração com fluorocromios foram utilizados para analisar a quantidade e a dinâmica da formação óssea. Os resultados mostraram que DFDBA e osso fresco congelado melhoraram a velocidade e a quantidade de deposição óssea em porções distantes do plano basal de enxerto. O material remanescente nos grupos de aloenxerto foi mais intenso do que em grupo autógeno. Ambos os aloenxertos podem ser indicados como alternativas confiáveis para ganho de volume e aumento ósseo vertical.

Abstract Several techniques have been proposed for vertical bone regeneration, and many of them use bone autogenous and allogeneic grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare demineralised freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA), fresh-frozen (FF) allografts, autogenous bone grafts to find differences between volumetric and histological quantity of bone formation and vertical bone growth dynamic. A vertical tissue regeneration bone model was performed in rabbit calvarias under general anaesthesia. Four hollow cylinders of pure titanium were screwed onto external cortical bone calvarias in eight rabbits. Each one of the cylinders was randomly filled with one intervention: DFDBA, FF, autogenous bone, or left to be filled with blood clot (BC) as control. Allogeneic grafts were obtained from a ninth animal following international standardised protocols for the harvesting, processing, and cryopreservation of allografts. Autogenous graft was obtained from the host femur scraping before adapting hollow cylinders. Animals were euthanized at 13 weeks. Vertical volume was calculated after probe device measurements of the new formed tissue inside the cylinders and after titanium cylinders were removed. Histomorphometry and fluorochrome staining were used to analyse quantity and dynamic of bone formation, respectively. Results showed that DFDBA and fresh-frozen bone improved the velocity and the quantity of bone deposition in distant portions of the basal plane of grafting. Remaining material in allograft groups was more intense than in autogenous group. Both allografts can be indicated as reliable alternatives for volume gain and vertical bone augmentation.